Lewy's figure is only half the estimate of 2,358,000 Vietnamese war deaths (1.2 million civilian and 1.158 mil- lion military) from 1960 to 1975 cited by Robert McNamara in a survey of deaths caused by wars and conflicts around the world since the end of World War II (McNamara 1991: 111). In turn, McNamara's estimates are consid- erably less than the number of Vietnamese war deaths cited in a recent report from the Vietnamese government. In April 1995, the Ministry of Labor, War Invalids, and Social Affairs released an estimate of 1.1 million communist military deaths and almost 2 million civilian deaths due to war- related causes from 1954 to 1975 (Associated Press 1995).